Effects of curcumin on the cellular model of Alzheimer′s disease and GAP-43 expression / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effects of curcumin on the cellular model of Alzheimer’s disease(AD) and the expression of growth associated protein- 43(GAP- 43). Methods Aβ2535 was used to treat the hippocampus neurons of rat and the cellular model of AD was established. The survival rate was detected by MTT assay. The cells were randomly divided into blank control, model, curcumin 10 and 20 μmol/L groups. The effect of curcumin on apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry. The protrusive length and GAP-43 positive cell rate were detected by immunocytochemistry. The expression of GAP-43 was detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the model group, curcumin significantly reduced the toxicity of Aβ25~35, increased the survival rate and decreased the apoptosis rate of the cells(P<0.05). It also significantly increased the average protrusive length, GAP-43 positive cell rate and GAP-43 expression(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion The protective effect of curcumin on the cellular model of AD was likely related to the up-regulation of GAP-43 expression.

Preliminary study for classification of spino-pelvic sagittal alignment in adult volunteers / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of the classification of the spino-pelvic sagittal alignment in adluts according to lumbar lordosis (LL) and inflection point (IP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Whole spine, standing radiographs of 223 adult volunteers were taken from July to August in 2011 .There were 111 cases(56 female and 55 male) enrolled in the study based on the inclusion criteria. The pelvic and spinal parameters, including thoracic kyphosis(TK), thoracolumbar kyphosis(TLK), LL, sacral slope(SS), pelvic tilt(PT), pelvic incidence(PI), intervertebral endplate angle, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), spino-sacral angle (SSA) and IP were measured. The spino-pelvic sagittal alignment were classified in to 3 types according to LL and IP. Type I: LL > -40°, IP located below L2 ∼ 3; Type II: -60° ≤ LL ≤ -40°, IP located in L1 ∼ 2 or T12 ∼ L1; Type III: LL < -60°, P located above T11 ∼ 12. Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between the variables. The parameters in each type were compared by oneway-ANOVA respectively,then additional multiple comparisons were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean value of LL was -49° ± 10°, TK was 36° ± 7°, TLK was 6° ± 7°, PT was 11° ± 7°, SS was 34° ± 8°, PI was 45° ± 9°, SSA was 127° ± 9° and SVA was (-2.7 ± 22.8)mm, respectively. Only LL had significant statistical correlation with all the other parameters. Negative correlation presented between LL and TK, PI, SS, SSA (r = -0.387, -0.536, -0.858, -0.801,P < 0.05). Positive correlation presented between LL and TLK, SVA, PT (r = 0.319, 0.296, 0.262, P < 0.05). All the volunteers were classified into the 3 types: Type I1 9 cases, Type II 75 cases,Type III 17 cases. Oneway-ANOVA results showed statistical difference in LL, TK, TLK, PT, SS, PI, SSA, SVA among the 3 types, (F = 164.559, 7.431, 14.099, 4.217, 53.856, 6.252, 35.995, 8.626, P < 0.05 ). Multiple comparisons showed that LL, SS, SSA, PI had statistical difference between each two types comparison (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LL is the central parameter of the spino-pelvic sagittal balance. The patterns of the spino-pelvic sagittal alignment in adults could be classified into three types, according to LL and IP. The classification could describe the morphological differences and balance of the spino-pelvic sagittal alignment.</p>

The use of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with self-locking cages to treat multi-segmental cervical myelopathy / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the use of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with self-locking cages to treat multi-segmental cervical myelopathy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From April 2008 to March 2010, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with self-locking cages were performed on 45 patients who suffered from multi-segmental cervical myelopathy, among of them there were 23 male and 22 female, aged from 32 to 67 years (average 53 years). Recording the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores and SF-36 scores in the protocol time point, in order to investigate the clinical outcome, meanwhile, accumulating the pre-operation and postoperation X-ray films of cervical spine for measuring the height of intervertebral space, whole curvature of cervical spine and the rate of fusion by repeated measures analysis of variance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean follow-up time was 28.4 months (24 - 35 months). JOA scores ascended from preoperative 6.5 ± 3.1 to postoperative 13.4 ± 1.7 (F = 17.84, P = 0.001), the 7 scores of SF-36 improved significantly after operation (t = 1.151 - 12.207, P < 0.05), but mental health not. The fineness rate was 91.1%. Height of disc space ascended from preoperative (5.5 ± 1.8) mm to postoperative (8.3 ± 0.8) mm (F = 11.71, P = 0.043), globle curvature of cervical spine ascended from preoperative 5° ± 7° to postoperative 10° ± 14° (F = 234.53, P = 0.000), the change of the two index was significantly, respectively. Fat necrosis in one case and hematoma in another case at the bone donor-site were found, both of the two cases were cured by physiotherapy. All of the 45 cases (111 segments) achieved bone fusion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The use of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with self-locking cages to treat multi-segmental cervical myelopathy possess many advantages as follows: satisfactory clinical outcome, minimally invasive, higher fusion rate, higher orthopaedic ability.</p>

Meta-analysis of laparoscopic and open repair of perforated peptic ulcer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic and open repair of perforated peptic ulcer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Studies on comparison between laparoscopic repair(LR) and open repair(OR) of perforated peptic ulcer were collected. Data of operating time, blood loss, time to first flatus, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications and mortality between LR group and OR group were meta-analyzed using fixed effect model and random effect model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nineteen studies including 1507 patients were selected for this study,including laparoscopic surgery(n=673) and open surgery(n=834). There were significant differences in blood loss, time to first flatus, postoperative hospital stay, wound infection rate and mortality between LR group and OR group. However, no significant differences existed in operative time, postoperative sepsis, pulmonary infection, abdominal abscess, and suture leakage between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Laparoscopic repair of perforated peptic ulcer is associated with improved outcomes in terms of less blood loss, quicker recovery, and lower rates of wound infection and mortality. Laparoscopic repair of perforated peptic ulcer is safe and feasible.</p>

The application of cervical arthroplasty with Mobi-C for treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical effectiveness of cervical arthroplasty with Mobi-C prosthesis for treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2008 to November 2009, a group of 67 patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy were analyzed retrospectively. The short form-36 physical component summary (SF-36) and visual analogue scale (VAS) score were used to compare clinical outcome pre- and postoperatively. The follow-up was performed at 3 d, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. Static and dynamic radiography were taken to evaluate height of disc space, range of motion (ROM) and heterotopic ossification (HO) of index levels.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty-one cases were followed up, 16 cases were lost. Average follow-up was for 19.7 months (13 - 31 months). All of patients had improvement for clinical symptoms. There was a significant difference on SF-36 between pre- and postoperatively. The significant difference was found in VAS score in which neck pain was decreased from preoperative 4.6 ± 0.4 to postoperative 2.0 ± 0.5 (P < 0.05), arm pain was decreased from preoperative 6.5 ± 0.4 to postoperative 1.3 ± 0.4 (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in height of disc space which was increased from preoperative (6.5 ± 1.1) mm to (7.7 ± 0.9) mm (P < 0.05). ROM was increased from preoperative 7.2° ± 3.1° to latest follow-up 8.1° ± 3.2°, however, no significant difference was found concerning ROM pre- and postoperatively (P > 0.05). No other complications were met during follow-up period other than the 17 cases of heterotopic ossification in ClassI, the 7 cases in Class II in 1 year postoperatively, but no any correlation were found between the radiographic finding in HO and clinical symptoms.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cervical arthroplasty with Mobi-C could improve neurofunctional symptoms, maintain ROM of index level and height of disc space. For accurate patient selection, long term follow-up is still needed in prospective randomized study.</p>

Necessity of splenectomy in radical resection of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the necessity of splenectomy in radical resection of gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve studies comparing outcomes after radical resection of gastric cancer with or without splenectomy were identified. Both fixed effect model and random effect model were used.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 2628 patients in total. There were significant differences in complications between splenectomy group and spleen-preserving group(OR=1.91, 95% CI:1.28-2.87, P<0.05), while no significant difference in 5-year survival rate was noticed(HR=0.90, 95% CI:0.73-1.11, P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Radical resection of gastric cancer combined with splenectomy is not associated with improved survival but increased postoperative complications.</p>

In vivo experimental study of lumbar nucleus replacement with pectin/polyvinyl alcohol composite hydrogel / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the anti degenerative effect of pectin/polyvinyl alcohol composite (CoPP) hydrogel as artificial nucleus material in an animal model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were used to build animal models, the L₄₋₅ intervertebral discs were pierced with a Gauge#16 needle and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or CoPP implants were inserted into the holes. For comparative purposes, L₃₋₄ discs underwent sham treatment or control treatment in which the disc was pierced but no implant was inserted. All the discs were divided into four groups as follows: sham disc group, pierced disc group, PVA disc group and CoPP disc group. The discs were analyzed radiologically and histologically for degenerative changes at 1, 3 or 6 months after surgery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>None of the animals died from operative complications, such as paraplegia or infection before being killed. Macroscopically, none of the implants showed any signs of displacement at the time of harvest. The radiological analysis revealed that significantly less disc height loss was found with the PVA and CoPP replacement treatment than with the pierced treatment (P < 0.05). Changes in disc height after the replacement treatment were not significantly different from that after the sham treatment (P > 0.05). Histological degeneration of the replaced discs was delayed in comparison with that of the pierced discs (P < 0.05), but progressed with time, and PVA replacement showed faster disc degeneration than CoPP replacement.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Degeneration of the anulus fibrosus after the CoPP prosthetic nucleus replacement treatment is delayed by preserving disc height and occupying the space of the nucleus pulposus, and it has great potential clinical application value.</p>

Factors affecting adjacent segment degeneration after rigid lumbar internal fixation / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the factors affecting the occurrence of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after lumbar internal fixation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 147 surgical patients with lumbar disc herniation, lumbar spinal stenosis and lumbar spodylolisthesis undergoing surgeries between January 2002 and July 2007 in our hospital were reviewed. The correlations of gender, range of fixation, position of fixation, and characteristic of the adjacent disc to the occurrence of ASD were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients were followed up for a mean of 30-/+10 months (18-84 months). The incidence of ASD was 13.6% in these patients, occurring all at the cephalad adjacent segment. The presence of preoperative degeneration of the adjacent disc gave rise to increased risk of ASD following the surgery (chi(2)=6.272, P=0.012), and multivariate analysis indicated that preoperative adjacent disc degeneration was a risk factor for postoperative ASD (P=0.046), but gender, range of fusion and site of fusion were not the risk factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Presence of adjacent segment degeneration before the operation is associated with a significantly increased risk of postoperative ASD.</p>

Complications of the anterior surgical approach for thoracolumbar spine tuberculosis: causes and countermeasures / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the effect of the anterior surgical approach for thoracolumbar spine tuberculosis and analyzed the causes of the surgical complications and the countermeasures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Jan 1996 to Dec 2005, 120 patients with thoracolumbar spine tuberculosis underwent operations through the anterior approach either following the primary diagnosis (115 cases) or for recurrence (5 cases).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Intraoperative pleural rupture occurred in 4 cases, and rupture of the external iliac vein occurred 1 case. Three patients had damages of the T12 dorsal ramus. One patient developed venous embolism of the lower extremity after the operation, two had paralytic ileus and 1 had false diabetes insipidus. Of the 5 recurrent patients, 1 died due to alcoholic cirrhosis and acute liver failure, 1 received a third operation for loosened internal fixation, and 1 had recurrence due to extensive drug resistance (XDR).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Standardized antituberculous therapy is fundamental for preventing the recurrence of tuberculosis, and individualized antituberculous therapy adjustment according to the results of bacterial culture and drug sensitivity tests can be the most effective means for preventing drug resistance and reducing tuberculosis recurrence.</p>

The repair of acute spinal cord injury in rats by olfactory ensheathing cells graft modified by glia cell line-derived neurotrophic factor gene in combination with the injection of monoclonal antibody IN-1 / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To research the repair effect of transplantation of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) modified olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) combination with injecting axonal growth inhibiting protein antibody (IN-1) in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To construct lentivirus vector with GDNF gene and infect OECs in vitro, use the immunoblotting (Western Blot) to observe the expression of GDNF was detected through Western Blot. Fifty adult female SD rats which to establish thoracic spinal cord transection injury model were randomly divided into A (control group), B (IN-1 antibody group), C (OECs group), D (GDNF-OECs group), and E (GDNF-OECs+IN-1 group) 5 groups of each 10 rats. To observe regeneration of the impaired nerve axon by NF200 immunohistochemistry, Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) anterograde tracing corticospinal tract. Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) score was used to evaluating hindlimb motor function recovery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Add up to 13 rats died post operation. OECs labeled by hoechst still survived and migrated in spinal cord 8 weeks post operation. Lots of confused and disorderly regenerated axons which crossing the injured region of spinal cord were displayed between spinal cord stumps in GDNF-OECs+IN-1 group and GDNF-OECs group; some of axons existed in OECs group, but there is no obviously continue nerve fibers crossing the injured region of spinal cord;in contrast to IN-1 and control groups, few of regenerated axons and atrophy of spinal cord stumps were observed. The results of BBB hindlimb motor rating scale were 7.70+/-0.24, 7.89+/-0.15, 10.50+/-0.25, 11.43+/-0.23 and 12.81+/-0.40 for the control group, IN-1 group, OECs group, GDNF-OECs group and the allied treatment group respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The transplantation of GDNF-OECs combination with IN-1 antibody may benefit the survival and regeneration of the injured axons, and accelerate the repair of the injured spinal cord and functional recover of hindlimb locomotor in rats in a more efficient way than that with OECs or IN-1 alone.</p>

Evaluation of the biocompatibility of pectin/poly vinyl alcohol composite hydrogel as a prosthetic nucleus pulposus material / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the biocompatibility of pectin/poly vinyl alcohol composite (CoPP) hydrogel for use as a prosthetic nucleus pulposus material.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The in vitro cytotoxicity of CoPP hydrogel was tested in NCTC L929 cells, which were divided into normal control group, negative control group [treated with poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel, PVA], experimental group (treated with CoPP) and positive control group (0.64% phenol). The optical density of the cells on days 2, 4, and 7 of the corresponding treatments was determined and the relative growth rate calculated. For in vivo biocompatibility evaluation, dehydrated CoPP and PVA hydrogel were respectively implanted into the left and right gluteus of SD rats, and the wound healing and general status were observed. The muscular tissues containing the implants were taken 1, 4, and 12 weeks after the implantation for gross observation and microscopic observation of the inflammatory cell infiltration (ICI) and formation of the fibrous capsulation around the implants.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The L929 cells incubated with PVA and CoPP group both grew well, with relative growth rate over 80% and 75%, respectively. The cytotoxicity of PVA and CoPP was both lower than grade 1. In contrast, the relative growth rate in the positive control group was below 24%, with cytotoxicity over grade 4. In the SD rats, ICI of grade IV occurred in the muscular tissues around the PVA and CoPP implants at 1 week without formation of complete capsule, and at 4 weeks, ICI was lowered to grade 1 with grade 4 capsular reaction. Till week 12, the ICI and capsular reaction were both first grade.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CoPP hydrogel has in vitro grade 0 or 1 cytotoxicity and causes only mild inflammation after implantation in rats, suggesting good biocompatibility of the material.</p>

Comparative study of dynamic fixation with rigid fixation in the management of degenerative lumbar spondylosis / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical effects of dynamic fixation and rigid fixation in the management of degenerative lumbar spondylosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The hospitalized patients with degenerative lumbar spondylosis, including degenerative lumbar instability, lumbar spondylolisthesis and lumbar stenosis from January 2002 to December 2006 formed the subjects of our study. According to the inclusion criteria, 100 patients (male 58, female 42) were selected. The cases were divided into rigid fixation group (A) and dynamic fixation group (B), with 50 cases in each. The average age was (56 +/- 6) years old of group A, and (57 +/- 9) years old of group B. Standing plain radiography, computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were taken in all the cases. The observation index included incidence of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD), breakage of implant, fusion rate, lumbo-pelvic parameters and visual analogue scales (VAS) scores.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six cases developed ASD in group A (12.0%), and 1 case in group B (2%). Implant breakage happened in 2 cases in group A (4.0%), while none in group B. There was 1 case of pseudo-articular formation in group A (2.0%), but none in group B. Lumbar lordosis (LL) was corrected with (14.2 +/- 2.2) degrees in group A, and (20.2 +/- 3.7) degrees in group B (P = 0.031). Sacral slope (SS) was corrected with (12.6 +/- 4.3) degrees in group A and (15.8 +/- 6. 5) degrees in group B (P = 0.052). Pelvic tilt (PT) was corrected with (8.3 +/- 2.7) degrees in group A and (4.5 +/- 2.2) degrees in group B (P = 0.014). Pelvic incidence was corrected with (2.0 +/- 0.1) degrees in group A and (0.9 +/- 0.1) degrees in group B (P = 0.008). The VAS score decreased significantly in both groups within the first 2 years after operation. But as time going, the patients with rigid fixation felt pain gradually, and the pain was more severe than in patients with dynamic fixation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dynamic fixation could prevent ASD and implant failure effectively.</p>

Advances of cryotherapy technology / 中国医疗器械杂志

This article introduces cryosurgery devices, cryopreservation devices, some cryogenic freezing methods in medicine and the recent progress about cryotherapy technology.

Molecular cloning and expression of human PDGF-B chain mature peptide gene / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To acquire sufficient PDGF-BB protein and provide the basis for the further studies of its role on the fracture healing and trauma reconstruction and its clinical applications.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Constructed the prokaryotic expression vector pQE-PDGF-B with the gene rearrangement technique, and the monomeric form of recombinant PDGF-B expressed in E. coli M15.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PDGF-B mature peptide gene was inserted into prokaryotic expression vector pQE30, which was confirmed by PCR, enzyme digestion and sequencing identification; the expressed products of pQE-PDGF-B in E. coli showed a single protein on SDS-PAGE, and their expression level was about 15% of the total bacterial protein. The molecular weight of the purified PDGF-B protein was about 15 KDs on SDS-PAGE.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The construction of recombinant plasmid and preparation of the monomeric protein of PDGF-B provides a solid foundation for further studying the function of PDGF-BB and producing biologically PDGF-BB protein.</p>